Complete D&D 5e Point Buy Guide
Master the art of character creation with our comprehensive point buy guide. Learn the official rules, discover optimal strategies, and explore class-specific builds that will give your character the edge they need.
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Official Point Buy Rules
The point buy system, found in Chapter 1 of the Player's Handbook, provides a balanced method for determining ability scores. Here are the exact rules as written:
Core Rules
- Starting Scores: All abilities begin at 8
- Point Pool: 27 points to distribute
- Score Limits: Minimum 8, Maximum 15 (before racial bonuses)
- Cost Structure:
- 8 → 9: 1 point
- 9 → 10: 1 point
- 10 → 11: 1 point
- 11 → 12: 1 point
- 12 → 13: 1 point
- 13 → 14: 2 points
- 14 → 15: 2 points
Cost Table Reference
| Final Score | Points Spent | Modifier |
|---|---|---|
| 8 | 0 | -1 |
| 9 | 1 | -1 |
| 10 | 2 | 0 |
| 11 | 3 | 0 |
| 12 | 4 | +1 |
| 13 | 5 | +1 |
| 14 | 7 | +2 |
| 15 | 9 | +2 |
Step-by-Step Process
Follow these steps to create an optimized character using point buy:
Step 1: Identify Your Class's Key Abilities
Every class has a primary ability that drives their core mechanics:
- Strength: Barbarian, Fighter, Paladin
- Dexterity: Monk, Ranger, Rogue
- Intelligence: Wizard
- Wisdom: Cleric, Druid
- Charisma: Bard, Paladin, Sorcerer, Warlock
Step 2: Plan Your Race and Bonuses
Choose your race early, as racial ability score improvements significantly impact your final build. Custom lineage and Variant Human offer flexibility with +1 to two different abilities plus a feat.
Step 3: Allocate Points Strategically
Start with your primary ability at 15 (9 points). Then consider:
- Constitution at 14 or 15 for survivability
- Secondary abilities at 13-14 based on class needs
- Remaining abilities at 8-10 depending on importance
Step 4: Apply Racial Bonuses
Add your racial ability score improvements after point buy. This can bring your primary ability to 17, giving you a +3 modifier at first level.
Optimal Strategies
The 15-14-13 Foundation
Most successful builds start with 15 in their primary ability, 14 in a secondary ability (often Constitution), and 13 in a tertiary ability. This uses 21 points, leaving 6 for remaining abilities.
Specialized vs Generalized Builds
Specialized builds focus heavily on 1-2 abilities, often using arrays like 15-15-13-8-8-8. These characters excel in their chosen areas but may struggle outside their expertise.
Generalized builds spread points more evenly, using arrays like 15-14-13-12-10-8. These characters are more versatile but lack the extreme highs of specialized builds.
Even Number Optimization
Since modifiers only increase at even ability scores, prioritize reaching 14 over 13 or 16 over 15. The difference between 13 (+1) and 14 (+2) is significant, while 14 and 15 both provide +2.
Class-Specific Builds
Fighter (Strength)
Recommended: STR 15, CON 14, DEX 13, WIS 12, INT 10, CHA 8
Prioritizes damage and survivability. Dexterity helps with initiative and ranged combat.
Wizard
Recommended: INT 15, DEX 14, CON 13, WIS 12, STR 10, CHA 8
Intelligence for spells, Dexterity for AC and initiative, Constitution for concentration.
Rogue
Recommended: DEX 15, CON 14, INT 13, WIS 12, STR 10, CHA 8
Dexterity covers attacks, AC, and skills. Intelligence boosts Investigation and skill points.
Cleric
Recommended: WIS 15, CON 14, STR 13, DEX 12, INT 10, CHA 8
Wisdom for spells and Perception. Strength helps with heavy armor if applicable.
Worked Examples
Example 1: Human Fighter
Point Buy Array: STR 15 (9 pts), DEX 13 (5 pts), CON 14 (7 pts), INT 8 (0 pts), WIS 12 (4 pts), CHA 10 (2 pts)
Total: 27 points
After Variant Human (+1 STR, +1 CON): STR 16 (+3), DEX 13 (+1), CON 15 (+2), INT 8 (-1), WIS 12 (+1), CHA 10 (+0)
Analysis: Strong combat presence with good survivability. The feat from Variant Human adds versatility.
Example 2: Elf Wizard
Point Buy Array: STR 8 (0 pts), DEX 14 (7 pts), CON 15 (9 pts), INT 15 (9 pts), WIS 10 (2 pts), CHA 8 (0 pts)
Total: 27 points
After High Elf (+2 INT, +1 DEX): STR 8 (-1), DEX 15 (+2), CON 15 (+2), INT 17 (+3), WIS 10 (+0), CHA 8 (-1)
Analysis: Maximizes spellcasting while maintaining excellent AC and concentration saves.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Neglecting Constitution
Every character needs hit points and concentration saves. Avoid going below 13 Constitution except in extreme circumstances.
Odd Number Inefficiency
Stopping at odd ability scores wastes potential. 13 and 14 both cost points, but 14 provides a better modifier.
Ignoring Secondary Abilities
While your primary ability is crucial, completely dumping secondary abilities can create significant weaknesses.
Overvaluing "Balanced" Builds
Spreading points too evenly creates a character who's mediocre at everything rather than excellent at anything.
Ready to Build Your Character?
Now that you understand the principles of point buy, try creating your own optimized build with our calculator. Remember, the "best" build depends on your campaign, party composition, and personal preferences.
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